"Go do your homework, don't answer in that tone, stay seated at the table, help me tidy up the living room, revise your exam for tomorrow..." Many of us expect, in a normal and legitimate way, many of our children, but are we certain that they have the capacity to respond correctly to our expectations? A child, if he has the abilities, always wants to be proud of himself, make those around him proud and show everything he can do. So when he doesn't obey, something is wrong!
We will see together what could be the cognitive reasons that could be hidden behind a pseudo behavioral disorder.
Cognitive disorder : definition
A cognitive disorder is a condition characterized by a significant impairment in cognitive functions, such as memory, perception, language, problem-solving, or decision-making. These disorders affect an individual's ability to process and retain information, often leading to difficulties in daily functioning. Cognitive disorders can stem from various causes, including neurological diseases (like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's), traumatic brain injuries, substance abuse, infections, or aging-related changes.
They vary in severity and may be progressive, such as dementia, or temporary, as in the case of delirium. Treatment often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and supportive care, depending on the underlying cause and symptoms.
How to detect a cognitive disorder ?
Whether it is a difficulty in remaining calm and seated, a difficulty in managing emotions or a tendency to be provocative, these behaviors can hide a difficulty or a particularity of a cognitive nature. In the majority of situations, parents or teachers have at some point complained or are currently complaining about the behavior of the child. It is generally this complaint that leads to consultation.
Among the most common cognitive particularities that I come across in the practice, there are children with high potential, children with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, children with spectrum disorder autism and finally, children with learning disabilities.
Tip : It would be important to see what is causing this bad behavior. Generally, the behavior is the consequence, the response of the child, faced with a difficulty, a situation of frustration. It would then be useful to see what situation puts this child who is in difficulty in difficulty. Here, it would also be wise to be able to exchange with the various stakeholders to also have their opinion. It could be beneficial for everyone to have the opinions of the teachers, the nanny, the teacher of such an extracurricular activity…
How to evaluate a cognitive disorder ?
By going to consult with a professional specialized in the pediatric population, such as a neuropsychologist, you will at least have the return of a practitioner who sees many cases more or less similar to yours and who can offer you tools to put in place to reduce the problems. behavior and work on the deficient functions by first carrying out the appropriate tests.
The practitioner relies on batteries of standardized tests and sees where the child stands regardless of the level of academic requirement and regardless of the expectations of the parents. The main thing is to see how the child works and his level in relation to his age group. This is to confirm or rule out any suspicions of cognitive particularities that could be related to behavioral difficulties.
Tip : I always urge parents to trust their natural parenting instincts. They live with the child and observe his behavior on a daily basis. This feedback is extremely useful to the practitioner who will be able to dissect each situation in order to possibly, subsequently, be able to suggest modifications in the functioning at home and provide leads on how to deal with a child who, for the moment, does not facilitate not life.
Then, do not hesitate to take the time to find the right practitioner. Each profession has its specialty. It is important that there is a good feeling between the practitioner and the child. Ideally, the professional takes the time to talk alone with the child, then with the parents and finally, all together.
Understand your child better
Whether or not we can go towards the establishment of a diagnosis, the priority generally in this situation is to be able to initially improve the behavior of the child and to bring him to be more serene. It is not uncommon that the results of a check-up do not give more information about the exact cognitive profile of the child. Perhaps the child did not like the evaluation, that he was not motivated, that the assessment was sloppy... The important thing is to be able in any case to allow everyone to feel better and to understand the other.
- For this, spend more time with your child. A time when you will do an activity together, an activity decided by him.
- Find reasons to value it on its performance
- Prioritize communication while keeping your calm
- Understand your child by putting yourself in their place and keeping in mind that it is he who is first in pain and who needs help
- Show him that you trust him, regardless of his past behavior.
- Allow him to (re)gain self-confidence by inviting him to try several everyday tasks and school-related tasks again, at his own pace
- Promote his autonomy by giving him things to do
- Maintain a framework with benevolence
- Explain things to your child and reassure him that it can be fixed
- Always keep interest in the school and do not denigrate the teaching staff
Advice : It would certainly be easier to have the support of a practitioner who could bring his outside view of the situation and who could give achievable objectives to the parents and the child by knowing his profile. This help from a professional would also allow parents to keep the right role and this fundamental relationship of trust with their child.
10 Examples of cognitive disorders
- Dementia. A progressive decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia.
- Alzheimer's Disease. A type of dementia marked by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.
- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A condition where cognitive decline is noticeable but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life, though it may increase the risk of developing dementia.
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Caused by an external force (e.g., a fall or accident) that disrupts brain function, potentially leading to memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and impaired reasoning.
- Delirium. A sudden, severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function, often due to an underlying illness, infection, or drug reaction. It’s usually temporary.
- Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia. A neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, which can lead to cognitive symptoms as it progresses.
- Huntington’s Disease. A genetic disorder causing progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, leading to movement, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms.
- Vascular Dementia. Cognitive impairment resulting from reduced blood flow to the brain, often after a stroke or due to conditions that affect blood vessels.
- Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). A disorder affecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to changes in personality, behavior, and language skills.
- Lewy Body Dementia. Associated with abnormal protein deposits in the brain called Lewy bodies, affecting both cognitive abilities and motor control, often with hallucinations.
Is ADHD a cognitive disorder ?
Yes, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is often considered a cognitive disorder, although it’s more specifically classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. ADHD affects cognitive functions such as attention, executive functioning (planning, organization, impulse control), and working memory. People with ADHD typically experience challenges in focusing, maintaining attention, and controlling impulses, which can interfere with daily activities, academic and occupational performance, and social interactions.
While ADHD doesn’t cause the same kind of memory or reasoning decline seen in disorders like dementia, it impacts cognitive processes essential for goal-directed behavior and self-regulation.
👉 Check our article about ADHD Assessment.
What is called a "major" cognitive disorder ?
A major cognitive disorder refers to a significant decline in cognitive functioning that interferes with a person’s ability to perform daily activities independently. This category is often associated with dementia, and includes conditions like Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Major cognitive disorders involve substantial impairments in one or more cognitive domains, such as:
- Memory (severe forgetfulness or inability to retain new information)
- Executive Functioning (challenges in planning, decision-making, or organizing tasks)
- Language (difficulty with speaking, understanding, or finding words)
- Visuospatial Abilities (trouble navigating spaces or recognizing familiar faces)
- Social Cognition (loss of empathy or socially inappropriate behavior)
Diagnosis of a major cognitive disorder requires that the cognitive deficits represent a marked decline from previous functioning and significantly impair daily life. Treatment is focused on managing symptoms, providing support, and in some cases, slowing progression.